Analytical study of the concept phármakon and its use and interpretation in Socratic dialectics.
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this text is to analyze Plato's use of the concept pharmakon in his Dialogues, which form the basis of his dialectical approach. Through an etymological review of its lexical family and subsequent cultural transition, we gain access to the different dimensions it takes in Plato's work. Specifically, we examine in greater detail Plato's use of phármakon in two of his Dialogues —Phaedrus and Charmides— as they express a more reflective and emphatic representation of the concept. Linking the study to current philosophical controversies through the ethics of language and civic ethics, it is concluded that the use of the term phármakon is, first, literal from its original dual conception, and second, its meaning serves as symbolism of the philosophical doctrine that the Athenian was interested in promulgating in the face of the socio-political threat that distorted rhetoric represented.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The Revista de Filosofía UCSC is an open access journal and does not charge for publication. In addition, it regulates its Copyright and access policy according to the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0), therefore sharing (reproducing and distributing the material in any medium or format) and adaptation (modifying, transforming, and creating from the material) is allowed as long as proper credit is given and the citation is included with the corresponding data. Moreover, it is not allowed to use the material for commercial purposes.
How to Cite
References
Alayza, C. (2010). Saber que se sabe o saber qué se sabe. Ensayo acerca de la dificultad de un conocimiento exclusivamente reflexivo a partir del Cármides de Platón. Estudios de Filosofía, (8), 11–53. https://doi.org/10.18800/estudiosdefilosofia.201001.001
Beekes, R. (2010). Etymological Dictionary of Greek (With the assistance of L. van Beek). Brill.
Boeri, M. (2017). Dialéctica, pensamiento “intuitivo” y “discursivo” en Platón. Tópicos, Revista de Filosofía, (52), 11–42. https://doi.org/10.21555/top.v0i52.767
Bremmer, J. (1983). Scapegoat Rituals in Ancient Greece. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 87, 299–320.
Cano, J. (2012). Eikos logos-eikos mythos: un logos como representación del mundo. Revista de Estudios Sociales, (44), 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/res44.2012.05
Castro, F. (2022). Sócrates o el parásito de Derrida. Revista de Filosofía, 21(2), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.21703/2735-6353.2022.21.02.02
Chantraine, P. (1968). Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque. Histoire des mots. Klincksieck.
Cornford, F. (2015). Platón y Parménides (F. Giménez García, Trad.). La balsa de la Medusa.
De Paiva, M. (2010). Peri physeos psyches: Sobre a natureza da alma no Fedro de Platão. Kriterion, (122), 441–457.
Derrida, J. (1975). La diseminación. Fundamentos.
Eckel, M. (2020). Contextualism and the Politics of Sophrosyne in Plato’s Charmides. Southwest Philosophy Review, 36(1), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview202036116
Eidinow, E. (2022). The Ancient Greek Pharmakos Rituals. A Study in Mistrust. Numen, 69(5–6), 489–516. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341662
Flórez, J. (2009). El lenguaje del pensamiento griego. Praxis Filosófica, (29), 41–60.
Fortes, F. (2020). Opostas dialéticas do phármakon no Fedro de Platão. Revista Latinoamericana de Filosofía, 46(2), 48–63. https://dx.doi.org/10.36446/rlf2020169
García, C., Martínez, M., & Lledó, Í. (2007). Estudio introductorio. En Diálogos III. Gredos.
García, P. (2018). La filosofía como curación por la palabra. Contrastes. Revista Internacional de Filosofía, 23(3), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.24310/Contrastescontrastes.v23i3.6594
Gorgias. (2023). Elogio de Helena. Democracia y libertad.
Hermoso, M. (2020). La dialéctica platónica: ¿un fármaco para la polis? Isegoría, (62), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.3989/isegoria.2020.062.06
Holzapfel, C. (2017). La concepción heideggeriana del logos de Heráclito. Contrastes. Revista Internacional de Filosofía, 22(3), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.24310/Contrastescontrastes.v22i3.3765
Homero. (2006a). Ilíada. Gredos.
Homero. (2006b). Odisea. Gredos.
Hülsz, E. (2005). La unidad de la filosofía de Heráclito. Tópicos, (28), 13–49.
Johnstone, M. (2014). On 'Logos' in Heraclitus. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 47, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722717.003.0001
Kakoliris, G. (2015). The “Undecidable” Pharmakon: Derrida’s Reading of Plato’s Phaedrus. En The New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy (pp. 231–242). Routledge.
Kohan, W. (2012). A Filosofia e seu ensino como phármakon. Educar em Revista, (46), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-40602012000400004
Londoño, D. (2023). La regulación de los fármacos en las Leyes de Platón. Areté, Revista de Filosofía, 35(1), 120–157.
Mársico, C. (2014). Encrucijadas dialécticas: elenchos, dispositivos antierísticos y filosofía megárica en las refutaciones sofísticas. Archai, (14), 137–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1984-249X_14_10
Patočka, J. (1991). Platón y Europa. Península.
Platón. (2007a). Teeteto. Gredos.
Platón. (2007b). República. Gredos.
Platón. (2007c). Crátilo. Gredos.
Platón. (2007d). Protágoras. Gredos.
Platón. (2007e). Timeo. Gredos.
Platón. (2007f). Leyes I. Gredos.
Platón. (2007g). Fedón. Gredos.
Platón. (2007h). Fedro. Gredos.
Platón. (2007i). Cármides. Gredos.
Rinella, M. (2007). Revisiting the Pharmacy: Plato, Derrida, and the Morality of Political Deceit. Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought, 24(1), 134–153. https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000111
Rinella, M. (2010). Pharmakon: Plato, Drug Culture, and Identity in Ancient Athens. Lexington Books.
Roberts, M. (1916). The Pharmakos. Folklore, 30(2), 218–224.
Sebastian, F. (1964). Diccionario Griego-Español. Ramón Sopena.
Trotz-Liboff, L. (2023). Writing as Pharmakon and the Limits of Law in Plato’s Statesman, Phaedrus, and Laws. Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought, 40(3), 391–414. https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340415
Ugalde, B. (2023). Introducción general. En Elogio de Helena. Democracia y libertad.
Urbonienė, A. (2009). Jacques Derrida’s Interpretation of Pharmakon. Problemos, (76), 196–205.
Velázquez, O. (2023). La subversión socrática. Universidad Diego Portales.
Vega, J. (2018). Fenareta o la mayéutica de las categorías. El Basilisco: Revista de Materialismo Filosófico, (50), 63–72.
Vidarte, F. (1999). Técnica, phármakon y escritura. Consideraciones desde la deconstrucción. Éndoxa, (11), 359–370.
Wenger, R. (2016). La escritura, la memoria y la diferencia: La lectura derridiana de la escritura de Platón como phármakon. Revista Amauta, 28(28), 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15648/am.28.2016.2