Citation guidelines

The journal Anales de Teología adopts the notes and bibliography system of The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition (2024), with the editorial adaptations specified in these guidelines.

Manuscripts may be submitted for review using any internationally recognized citation system, such as Chicago, APA, or MLA, provided it is applied fully and consistently and gives the page number or locator for each citation. If the work is accepted, the final version must comply entirely with these guidelines; editing will not begin until this requirement is met.

1. General guidelines

  • Notes must appear as consecutively numbered footnotes. Note numbers must be superscript, placed after punctuation and before a dash, as in “Como sostienen las autoras.1”
  • Works should preferably be cited in their original language. The use of published translations and authors’ own translations is governed by the section on translations.
  • Direct quotations and paraphrases must give the page or page range of the passage. Canonical citations and sources without pagination must use a precise locator, such as a section, paragraph, or timestamp.
  • The place of publication and the abbreviations p. and pp. must be omitted. The edition number must be stated when needed to identify the version consulted precisely, particularly for theological sources. The year given must always be that of the edition consulted.
  • Notes must name up to two authors; for three or more, name only the first followed by et al. The first note must include the author’s given name and surname; subsequent notes use only the surname.
  • Multiple references in a single note must be separated by semicolons.
  • Do not use ibid., ibidem, idem, op. cit., or loc. cit.
  • Include the DOI in URL format for every work that has one. If no DOI exists and the source was consulted online, add a stable URL.
  • In articles written in English or Portuguese, abbreviations, connecting terms (translated by, edited by, chapter, accessed), and quotation marks must follow the conventions of that language.
  • Outputs from artificial intelligence systems must not be cited as sources. They may be cited only when they are the object of study, under the conditions established in the Use and Limits of Artificial Intelligence policy.

Direct quotations

Quotations of fewer than one hundred words must be incorporated into the text within double quotation marks (“ ”); quotations of one hundred words or more must appear as indented block quotations without quotation marks. Single quotation marks (‘ ’) are reserved for quotations within quotations. Omissions must be indicated by an ellipsis in square brackets […], and authorial interpolations must also appear in square brackets. When a word is emphasized that is not emphasized in the original, the note must state “emphasis added.”

2. Citation cases and models

The examples use fictional data, and example.org addresses are illustrative. The canonical citation and theological source models use real works and publication details; information in square brackets must be completed with details of the edition consulted. All models illustrate citations in a Spanish-language article, so their bibliographic wording and examples are retained in Spanish.

The first note must be complete even if the author or title appears in the text. Subsequent notes must include the author’s surname or institution’s name, the main title without its subtitle, and the locator, including in consecutive notes. This rule applies to all source types except canonical citations.

Book

First note: Elisa Monteluz, La memoria del umbral: reflexiones hermenéuticas (Nerfel, 2023), 47.

Subsequent note: Monteluz, La memoria del umbral, 52.

Translations

Passages from works in another language must be translated in the main text. If the translation is the author’s own, the note must state “author’s translation”; if all translations are the author’s own, a statement in the first note is sufficient. In both cases, cite the original edition and pagination.

First note (author’s translation): Maëlle Vauprel, La patience du monde: événement et tradition (Presses de Lantier, 2017), 23, traducción propia.

When a published translation is used, identify the translator. If the translation provides the original pagination, including it is recommended.

First note (published translation): Maëlle Vauprel, La paciencia del mundo: acontecimiento y tradición, trad. Inés Valcera (Arcela, 2020), 18.

Subsequent note: Vauprel, La paciencia del mundo, 21.

Book chapter

First note: Rafael Doresta y Mara Veldel, “La fragilidad compartida: aportes a la antropología”, en Pensar la convivencia, ed. Elisa Monteluz (Nerfel, 2022), 88–89.

Subsequent note: Doresta y Veldel, “La fragilidad compartida”, 92.

Journal article

First note: Leonor Vesna, “El tiempo de la atención: lecturas contemporáneas”, Cuadernos del Umbral 12, n.º 2 (2024): 61–62, https://example.org/articulos/tiempo-atencion.

Subsequent note: Vesna, “El tiempo de la atención”, 63.

Electronic book

If an electronic book has fixed pagination, use the book model. Otherwise, cite a chapter or section. For downloaded files, state the format; for online access, provide the URL or database.

First note: Bruno Talvera, La experiencia del paisaje: ecología en el mundo de hoy (Arcela, 2021), cap. 4, secc. 2, EPUB.

Subsequent note: Talvera, La experiencia del paisaje, cap. 4, secc. 3.

Lecture or conference paper

First note: Fabián Orelia, “Pensar la hospitalidad”, conferencia en el Encuentro Teológico del Río, Universidad de Varela, 20 de agosto de 2024, video, 42 min, 18 s, en 00:12:05–00:13:10, https://example.org/conferencias/hospitalidad.

Subsequent note: Orelia, “Pensar la hospitalidad”, en 00:20:14–00:21:02.

If the recording was published after the event, add the publication date and the organization responsible. For audio, replace “video” with “audio.” Conference papers consulted in proceedings or journals follow the book chapter or journal article model.

A lecture with no accessible text or recording must not be included in the references, but may be mentioned in a note as an oral communication, identifying the speaker, event, and date when necessary to attribute an idea.

Online documents and reference works

Official documents from the UN, WHO, or other organizations and recognized reference works, such as those of the RAE or scholarly encyclopedias, are accepted. Cite the specific document or entry, giving the author or institution, title, date, and direct URL. If no publication or update date is available, give the access date.

Press releases, blogs, and other webpages are accepted only when they constitute primary sources for the object of study. This restriction does not apply to official documents, scholarly publications, or recognized reference works consulted online.

Institutional documents

State the document code where one exists.

First note: Consejo Internacional del Patrimonio Humano, Declaración sobre la memoria y la dignidad, CIPH/2024/7, 6 de mayo de 2024, art. 7, https://example.org/documentos/memoria-dignidad.

Subsequent note: Consejo Internacional del Patrimonio Humano, Declaración sobre la memoria y la dignidad, art. 9.

Online dictionaries

Identify the headword with s.v. and specify the sense where appropriate.

First note: Academia del Habla Común, Diccionario de usos compartidos, s.v. “hospitalidad”, acep. 2, consultado el 10 de octubre de 2026, https://example.org/diccionario/hospitalidad.

Subsequent note: Academia del Habla Común, Diccionario de usos compartidos, s.v. “hospitalidad”, acep. 3.

Online encyclopedias

If the entry has an author, cite their name; otherwise, name the institution responsible. Specify the section or paragraph of the passage.

First note: Lía Vardena, “Dignidad”, en Enciclopedia de la vida común (Instituto de Estudios Ardel, 2024), secc. 2.1, https://example.org/enciclopedia/dignidad.

Subsequent note: Vardena, “Dignidad”, secc. 3.

Canonical citations

Use the abbreviations and locators recognized in each tradition. The first note must identify the work and edition used and introduce the abbreviation; subsequent citations use only the abbreviation and locator. The edition or translation used must also appear in the references. Theological sources must additionally follow section 3.

First note: Martin Heidegger, Sein und Zeit, ed. Friedrich-Wilhelm von Herrmann, vol. 2 de Gesamtausgabe (Vittorio Klostermann, 1977), 15 (en adelante, GA 2).

Subsequent note: GA 2, 27.

Other canonical citation examples
  • Plato. Stephanus pagination, with page and section letter (Rep. 514a–515a).
  • Aristotle. Bekker numbering, with page, column, and lines (Metaph. 1028b33–36).
  • Immanuel Kant. The Critique of Pure Reason, using the pagination of the first (A) and second (B) editions (KrV A 51/B 75). Other works use the volume and page of the Academy edition (AA IV, 421).
  • Edmund Husserl. Husserliana, with volume and page (Hua III/1, 51).

3. Sources specific to theology

Use recognized abbreviations and internal divisions (book, chapter, paragraph, question, article, etc.). Identify the source at first mention; the abbreviation may be used thereafter. The bibliography must include the edition or version actually consulted.

3.1. Sacred Scripture

References normally appear in the text: (Lc 8, 43–48); (Mc 5, 25–34). Use a comma between chapter and verse. For Spanish-language articles, the journal adopts customary Spanish abbreviations, taking the Biblia de Jerusalén as its reference, but does not prescribe a single translation. In English and Portuguese, use recognized abbreviations in the manuscript’s language consistently, retaining the comma between chapter and verse.

First mention: Lc 8, 43–48, según la Biblia de Jerusalén (Desclée de Brouwer, 2019). En adelante se utiliza esta versión, salvo indicación contraria.

Subsequently: (Lc 10, 25–37).

Authors must identify the biblical edition used in the bibliography. Exegetical studies must also identify the critical editions of the Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek text and indicate any authors’ own translations.

3.2. Patristic and medieval sources

First note: Agustín de Hipona, Confessionum libri XIII, ed. Luc Verheijen, Corpus Christianorum Series Latina 27 (Brepols, 1981), I, 1, 1 (en adelante, Conf.).

Subsequently: Conf. X, 27, 38.

Bibliography: Agustín de Hipona. Confessionum libri XIII. Editado por Luc Verheijen. Corpus Christianorum Series Latina 27. Brepols, 1981.

First note: Ireneo de Lyon, Contre les hérésies: Livre IV, t. II, ed. Adelin Rousseau et al., Sources Chrétiennes 100.2 (Cerf, 1965), IV, 20, 7 (en adelante, Adv. haer.).

Subsequently: Adv. haer. IV, 34, 1.

Bibliography: Ireneo de Lyon. Contre les hérésies: Livre IV. Tomo II, Texte et traduction. Edición crítica dirigida por Adelin Rousseau, con Bertrand Hemmerdinger, Louis Doutreleau y Charles Mercier. Sources Chrétiennes 100.2. Cerf, 1965.

State the volume of the critical edition actually consulted. For Anselm of Canterbury, the canonical form Prosl. 2 may be used, with the edition identified in the bibliography.

First note: Tomás de Aquino, Summa theologiae, I, q. 2, a. 3 (en adelante, ST).

Subsequently: ST I-II, q. 90, a. 1.

The bibliography must precisely identify the title, edition, volume, editors, and year of the version used. Do not mix abbreviations or numbering from different editions.

3.3. Denzinger

First note: Heinrich Denzinger y Peter Hünermann, El magisterio de la Iglesia (Herder, [año de la edición]), n. 3008 (en adelante, DH).

Subsequently: DH 3015.

The bibliography must precisely identify the title, edition, volume, editors, and year of the version used. Do not mix abbreviations or numbering from different editions.

3.4. Catechism and magisterial documents

First note: Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica, n. 27 (en adelante, CEC).

Subsequently: CEC 1700.

First note: Concilio Vaticano II, constitución dogmática Dei Verbum, 18 de noviembre de 1965, n. 2 (en adelante, DV).

Subsequently: DV 10.

First note: Francisco, carta encíclica Laudato si’, 24 de mayo de 2015, n. 23 (en adelante, LS).

Subsequently: LS 139.

Bibliography (model): Concilio Vaticano II. Dei Verbum. Constitución dogmática, 18 de noviembre de 1965. https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_sp.html.

Notes must identify the paragraph or section number. The bibliography must add the official URL for a digital version, or the publisher and year for a print version. For dicasteries, synods, and episcopal conferences, cite the authoring institution rather than automatically naming the pope.

The example abbreviations correspond to Spanish or Latin titles. When another version is consulted, introduce the appropriate abbreviation at first mention and use it consistently throughout the work.

4. References

References must be arranged by surname or institution name and, for the same author, by publication year from earliest to latest. If author and year coincide, arrange by title. Repeat the author’s name in every entry and use a hanging indent.

Invert the first author’s name. List up to six authors; if there are more, list the first three followed by et al.

Entries must retain full titles, including subtitles. References for book chapters and journal articles must include the complete page range.

The list must include all and only the works cited in the text or notes, except oral communications. It must also include the biblical editions and critical editions used. Bibliographic information in non-Latin alphabets must be transliterated using a recognized system. Exegetical analysis may retain passages in Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek where necessary, identifying the edition and any authors’ own translations.

Academia del Habla Común. Diccionario de usos compartidos. S.v. “hospitalidad”. Consultado el 10 de octubre de 2026. https://example.org/diccionario/hospitalidad.

Consejo Internacional del Patrimonio Humano. Declaración sobre la memoria y la dignidad. CIPH/2024/7. 6 de mayo de 2024. https://example.org/documentos/memoria-dignidad.

Doresta, Rafael, y Mara Veldel. “La fragilidad compartida: aportes a la antropología”. En Pensar la convivencia, editado por Elisa Monteluz, 81–103. Nerfel, 2022.

Heidegger, Martin. Sein und Zeit. Editado por Friedrich-Wilhelm von Herrmann. Vol. 2 de Gesamtausgabe. Vittorio Klostermann, 1977.

Monteluz, Elisa. La memoria del umbral: reflexiones hermenéuticas. Nerfel, 2023.

Orelia, Fabián. “Pensar la hospitalidad”. Conferencia en el Encuentro Teológico del Río, Universidad de Varela, 20 de agosto de 2024. Video, 42 min, 18 s. https://example.org/conferencias/hospitalidad.

Talvera, Bruno. La experiencia del paisaje: ecología en el mundo de hoy. Arcela, 2021. EPUB.

Vardena, Lía. “Dignidad”. En Enciclopedia de la vida común. Instituto de Estudios Ardel, 2024. https://example.org/enciclopedia/dignidad.

Vauprel, Maëlle. La patience du monde: événement et tradition. Presses de Lantier, 2017.

Vauprel, Maëlle. La paciencia del mundo: acontecimiento y tradición. Traducido por Inés Valcera. Arcela, 2020.

Vesna, Leonor. “El tiempo de la atención: lecturas contemporáneas”. Cuadernos del Umbral 12, n.º 2 (2024): 55–74. https://example.org/articulos/tiempo-atencion.

For other source types, consult the official Chicago citation guide.

Effective from October 2026.