Divine concourse and human action in Klaus Held’s phenomenology of religion
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The first part of the article introduces Klaus Held’s reflections on two modes of conceiving the belief in God based on holding his existence as true and on having confidence and faith in his capacity. As a consequence, two modes can be differentiated in the history of the belief in God. This distinction renders possible the examination of the notion of a unique God and the future of this belief following four steps. i) An analysis of the transition from polytheism to the notion of a unique God. A reference to Biblical faith pays a central role in his interpretation. ii) An examination of the relation between divine power and the êthos of a homeworld with its horizon of expectations. iii) An analysis of the differentiation between a hope linked to mundane objects and situations and a hope opened to a transobjective, extramundane, and divine dimension. iv) An examination of the thesis that the future of the belief in God lies in its historical modality tied to confidence. The conclusion includes observations on Held’s criticism of the ideal notion of God in view of its relation to the lifeworld and advances another interpretation on the way of cancelling the delimitation between homeworld and alienworld.
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