Procesos para los diseños por confiabilidad de muros de contención en ingeniería geotécnica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-28132017000200050Palabras clave:
muros de contención, fricción suelo muro, influencia geológica, probabilidad de fallaResumen
El diseño y construcción de cimentaciones, estructuras de contención y taludes se basan generalmente en formulaciones deterministas que no permiten la distinción entre la variabilidad natural y la dispersión inherente de los parámetros geotécnicos. Debido a la variabilidad inherente de las propiedades del suelo, existe una tendencia cada vez mayor en la implementación de diseños basados en la confiabilidad en geotecnia, con el fin de reducir las incertidumbres con métodos probabilísticos. Los diseños por confiabilidad requieren la definición de las funciones de densidad de probabilidad de las propiedades geotécnicas, además de tener el conocimiento de la variabilidad espacial correspondiente a cada tipo de suelo. Este artículo identifica los procedimientos, tipo de investigación del subsuelo, simulaciones y las áreas de estudio más comunes en los diseños geotécnicos basados en la confiabilidad. Se resalta la importancia de la longitud de correlación en la definición de los factores de reducción para determinar las probabilidades de falla y que el método de simulación más utilizado en estos diseños es Monte Carlo. Las áreas de la geotecnia más estudiadas en confiablidad son las de diseño de cimentaciones y análisis de estabilidad de las laderas, mientras que los análisis de muros de contención y muros de gaviones son los menos estudiados. Por otra parte, no se encontraron estudios en la determinación de la variación de la fricción suelo-muro ni en la influencia geológica para este tipo de estructuras, lo que implica un gran potencial para futuras investigaciones.
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