Modelo de decisión multicriterio difuso para la selección de contratistas en proyectos de infraestructura: caso Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-28132016000200005Palabras clave:
método TOPSIS, lógica difusa, proyectos de infraestructura, selección de contratistasResumen
Los métodos de decisión multicriterio son cada vez más útiles para solucionar problemas de selección de contratistas de construcción e infraestructura debido al aumento de la comprensión de su utilidad. La investigación propone un modelo multicriterio de selección de contratistas para proyectos de infraestructura de iniciativa pública en Colombia. Para ello se revisó los métodos correspondientes en las diferentes etapas; es decir, la selección de criterios, la ponderación de criterios, la precalificación y selección final. El modelo combina la precalificación con la selección, integración que es más eficaz en la búsqueda del contratista más competente. Los criterios de precalificación se clasifican en 4 categorías: atributos de experiencia, técnicos, organizacionales y financieros y/o económicos, incorporando subcriterios de dimensión cualitativa y cuantitativa. Los criterios de selección son 4: precalificación, oferta técnica, oferta de calidad y oferta económica. Para determinar los criterios y sus respectivos pesos se entrevistaron expertos en proyectos de infraestructura, quienes observan el proceso desde diferentes puntos de vista: de la Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura, de una banca de inversión, un académico y de una constructora que desarrolla proyectos de infraestructura.
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