Presas de relaves de arena de gran altura: desafíos principales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-28132016000200002Palabras clave:
presas de relave de arena, presiones de confinamiento elevado, resistencia cíclica, método observacional, depósito de residuo mineroResumen
El diseño y construcción de presas de relaves más altas resulta en presiones de confinamiento mucho mayores, lo cual afecta el comportamiento geotécnico de presas de relave de arena. Esto llega a ser aún más relevante en regiones con una actividad sísmica constante. Este artículo presenta resultados y análisis de ensayos de compresibilidad edométricos así como de resistencia cíclica de relaves a altas presiones de confinamiento. Además, se estudian resultados de rotura y compresibilidad de gravas y enrocados a altas presiones de confinamiento, ya que ellos forman parte del sistema de drenaje de las presas de relaves. Se discute la estabilidad sísmica y deformación de presas de relaves desde el punto de vista de análisis numérico. Se muestra la importancia del valor de PGA seleccionado y como ha variado en el tiempo en la ingeniería chilena. Finalmente, se describen aspectos relacionados con el método observacional a ser aplicado durante la construcción y operación de presas de relave. Se incluyen tendencias futuras sobre disposición de residuos mineros tales como relaves espesados, pastas de relaves y relaves filtrados.
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