Rotación y deserción docente en Chile: ¿Por qué es importante y cómo prevenirla y/o mitigarla?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21703/rexe.v22i50.1395Palabras clave:
Educación, Profesores, Política educativa, Investigación, ChileResumen
La investigación nacional sobre rotación y deserción docente es promisoria, pero está desactualizada, pues aún no cubre las modificaciones en las condiciones laborales implementadas por la Política Nacional Docente en 2017. En este contexto, este ensayo busca sistematizar las razones para actualizar las estimaciones de rotación y deserción docente en el país y las principales propuestas de política pública para prevenirla y/o mitigarla. Considerando la evidencia nacional e internacional, la tesis desarrollada defiende cinco razones que explican su relevancia y cinco recomendaciones de política pública. Así, destaca, por un lado, no solo la Política Nacional Docente, sino también la eficacia escolar, el costo financiero, la equidad educativa y el déficit docente y, por otro, la reconceptualización de la decisión de rotar y/o desertar, los diferentes perfiles de docentes, las condiciones laborales no cubiertas aún por la Política Nacional Docente, los roles diferenciados que debe tener el gobierno, la escuela y el nivel intermedio, y el incentivo a la agenda de investigación. Las conclusiones hacen una invitación a fortalecer un acercamiento coordinado y comprensivo del complejo fenómeno de la rotación y deserción docente, especialmente tras los cambios sociopolíticos y sanitarios que vive Chile en términos de la Política Nacional Docente, pero también de la ley de Nueva Educación Pública y la pandemia por COVID-19.
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