Study of avalanche models using well-balanced finite volume schemes

Abstract

Avalanches are natural disasters with substantial human and economic consequences worldwide. Chile, a mountainous country, is particularly susceptible to these events. In this study, we employ a numerical technique based on the Saint-Venant system of differential equations and the well-balanced Finite Volume method with hydrostatic reconstruction to analyse snow avalanche behaviour, taking into account topography and friction as described by the Voellmy-Salm rheology model. The Rigopiano avalanche in Italy serves as a case study to test and validate our strategy, demonstrating the model’s potential in simulating real-world avalanche events. The numerical model is thoroughly explained, and the results for the real avalanche case are presented visually, showing close alignment with field data and estimates from the literature. In conclusion, we highlight key findings, emphasize the importance of further research in avalanche modelling, and suggest the potential applications of these models for avalanche risk management in regions like Chile.