Efectos previos y futuros del terremoto de Valdivia, Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-28132020000100041Palabras clave:
Terremoto, CPTu, Licuefacción, Falla cíclica, Deformación co-sísmicaResumen
El terremoto de subducción Mw = 9.5 que golpeó a Chile en 1960, tuvo su epicentro cercano a la ciudad de Valdivia. Hubo daño extendido debido tanto al fuerte movimiento sísmico como al siguiente tsunami generado. Los efectos del terremoto son examinados desde una perspectiva moderna y el potencial de futuros efectos es discutido. Basados en recientes mediciones del ensayo de penetración de cono (sCPTu), la falla del terreno observada a lo largo de la costanera y otras ubicaciones de Valdivia son atribuidas a la falla cíclica de “arcilla” sensitiva y/o licuefacción de “arenas” saturadas. Si un nivel de movimiento similar es observado en futuros terremotos, se observarían fallas del terreno similares a las observadas. La subsidencia regional en y alrededor de Valdivia luego del terremoto de 1960 es atribuida a la deformación tectónica y ha sido corroborada con el mismo mecanismo en el reciente terremoto de Mw = 8.8 del 2010. Si un evento similar se genera en el futuro, similar hundimiento/ levantamiento son esperados lo que parecen seguir una función armónica. Investigar los efectos pasados de terremotos y el potencial efecto de futuros eventos, ayuda a minimizar el riesgo de terremotos en Valdivia y otras regiones bajo riesgos similares.
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