Efectos de topografía de cañón en movimientos sísmicos: Evaluación de diferentes perfiles de rigidez del suelo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-28132019000100051Palabras clave:
Efecto topográfico, Amplificación en suelos, Modelamiento numérico, Elementos finitosResumen
El efecto de la topografía en sismos ha sido ampliamente observado durante numerosos terremotos. Varios estudios han presentado evidencia observacional de terremotos destructivos, donde la intensidad del daño es mayor en la vecindad de cerros y cercanía de pendientes. Además, un importante número de análisis numéricos ha tenido por objetivo reproducir este fenómeno utilizando diferentes metodologías, por ejemplo, Elementos Finitos, Diferencias Finitas y Elementos de Contorno. La mayoría de estas investigaciones involucran estudios paramétricos, considerando diversas variables. Sin embargo, estos estudios usualmente consideran perfiles de suelos con rigidez homogénea en profundidad, lo que no es necesariamente realista. Este artículo tiene por objetivo investigar los efectos de topografía de cañón en sismos considerando diferentes perfiles de rigidez en suelo sobre roca rígida. Tres perfiles de suelo con variación de rigidez en profundidad son examinados y comparados con el caso de un perfil de rigidez uniforme. Un caso adicional de dos capas de suelo sobre un semiespacio también ha sido considerado. Los análisis numéricos se llevaron a cabo con Imperial College Finite Element Program ICFEP en el dominio del tiempo, considerando diferentes perfiles del tipo lineal – elásticos de rigidez sobre roca. Las solicitaciones sísmicas correspondieron a pulsos armónicos modificados por un filtro temporal por Saragoni y Hart (1973). Estas ondas con periodos característicos Tp en un rango de 0.1 s a 2 s son analizadas. Este estudio confirma que la respuesta normalizada máxima se localiza entre el primer y segundo periodo natural correspondiente a un perfil unidimensional en condición de campo libre de acuerdo a otras investigaciones recientes. Además, la amplitud de la amplificación topográfica muestra modificaciones para los distintos perfiles de suelo examinados.
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